Marcus Aurelius' Early Philosophical Training:
- Marcus Aurelius and the Stoics revered courageous, just, selfless, and generous deeds of ancestors and heroes as awe-inspiring examples.
- The study of these exemplary actions aimed to inspire individuals to reach their ultimate best selves and become better people.
- Philosophy was seen as a path towards expressing the highest potential in human development, guiding individuals to embody their ultimate best selves.
Marcus Aurelius' Greek Training with Apollonius:
- At a young age, Marcus Aurelius showed interest in philosophy by adopting philosopher-like attire and practices under his tutor's guidance.
- He received advanced philosophical education beyond his years from tutors who charged high fees for their services.
- His painting master introduced him to philosophical concepts like plain speaking, skepticism towards miracle workers, and tolerance.
- Marcus willingly embraced voluntary hardships associated with Cynic philosophy such as wearing rough attire and sleeping on a straw mat to fully immerse himself in philosophical practices.
Stoicism vs. Coldness Misconception:
- Stoicism is often misunderstood as cold and unemotional when it actually emphasizes rational healthy emotions like love and natural affection.
- The Stoic ideal focused on being free from unhealthy passions while embracing commendable emotions such as friendship and love for others' well-being.
- Stoicism sought to combine love with wisdom by desiring wisdom for oneself and others for the common good.
Family Influence on Marcus Aurelius:
- Values inherited from his family including moral integrity, humility, kindness, honesty naturally inclined Marcus towards Stoicism.
- Despite political uncertainties at Rome's imperial court, constant support from his mother Lucilla helped ground Marcus amidst life changes.